What is a speleothem?

A speleothem is a mineral deposit that forms in a cave as a result of the dripping and evaporation of water containing dissolved minerals. This process typically occurs over long periods of time, during which the minerals precipitate and accumulate to create formations such as stalactites, stalagmites, and popcorn. The right conditions, including mineral-rich water and a stable environment, contribute to the growth of these fascinating formations.

Understanding speleothems is essential in cave exploration as they not only enhance the aesthetic value of caves but also serve as important indicators of the geological history and environmental changes over time. The other choices do not accurately define what a speleothem is, as they refer to different geological or biological concepts.