Which condition contributes to the formation of sinkholes?

The dissolution of bedrock is a primary factor in the formation of sinkholes. Sinkholes typically occur in areas underlain by soluble rock such as limestone, gypsum, or salt. Through a natural process called chemical weathering, slightly acidic water—often from rainfall that absorbs carbon dioxide as it moves through soil—can seep into cracks in the bedrock. Over time, this water gradually dissolves the minerals in the rock, creating voids and cavities. When these cavities grow large enough, the surface ground can no longer support its weight, leading to a sudden collapse, which results in a sinkhole.

Understanding the geological processes that lead to sinkholes is critical for recognizing risk areas and preventing potential damage to structures and landscapes. The other options, while they may relate to cave systems or geological activity, do not directly contribute to sinkhole formation as the dissolution of bedrock does.