Why does cave temperature remain relatively stable compared to above-ground temperatures?

The stability of cave temperatures is primarily attributed to insulation from external temperature fluctuations. Caves are typically located beneath the earth's surface, which allows them to be insulated from the weather changes that occur above ground. The surrounding soil and rock provide a natural barrier that mitigates temperature changes caused by seasonal variations or daily weather patterns, leading to a more consistent temperature within the cave environment.

While constant humidity levels, depth of the cave, and limited air circulation can all influence cave conditions, they do not primarily account for the stable temperature. The insulation effect is the main reason why temperatures in caves tend to remain more stable compared to the varying temperatures experienced outdoors. This characteristic makes caves an interesting site for various ecological systems, as they offer a stable microclimate.